Subsidiarity in the EU and Federalism Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Subsidiarity in the EU and Federalism - Thesis Example tem of governance with substate/s autonomously operating in a decentralized manner and yet still connected to central government in a collaborative governance. From the historical vantage, the principle of subsidiarity was first introduced by the Treaty of Maastricht, also known as Treaty of European Union (TEU) signed at Maastricht town in 1991, with its elaborate applications explicated through the protocol stipulated in the Treaty of Amsterdam (Eurofound, 2010a). This was perceived to be the turning point of EU integration (Eurofound, 2010a). This paper aims to discuss the theory of subsidiarity of Britain within the light of Germany and United States experiences. The TEU offered a commitment from the European Council (EC) to full Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), provision for European Central Bank, and the establishment of the ‘three-pillar’ structures. These pillars are the European Council, Common Foreign and Security Policy, and Cooperation in Justice and Home Affairs (Eurofound, 2010a). Under EMU, the definition of community was broadened to include the convergence of economic laws, social protection, and of the development of socio-economic cohesion (Eurofound, 2010a). The council have also set monetary policy, coordination with convergence criteria and a single currency (Eurofound, 2010a). Anent thereto was the establishment of institutional reform increased the legislative power of the parliament with the introduction of co-decision processes (Eurofound, 2010a). The Treaty of Amsterdam, on the other hand, was signed on 2 October 1997 by the Foreign Ministers of 15 EU member states and became effective when they ratified this in accordance to their constitutional policies (Eurofound, 2010b). The Treaty of Amsterdam of 1997 substantially amended the three pillar structure of Treaty on European Union to include relevant matters on employment and industrial relations; the acquis  of the 1985 Schengen Treaty pertaining to gradual abolition of common

The internal ans external environmental forces Essay Example for Free

The internal ans external environmental forces Essay SWOTT Analysis: Candy BusinessThis paper examines the internal and external environmental forces and trends to consider when opening a candy business. This paper will look at the legal and regulatory forces of a sole proprietorship and social external trends to consider. The internal forces and trends that will be analysis are strategy, structures, goals, culture, and leadership. Legal and regulatoryThis business is going to have a sole proprietorship which means that the candy shop will be owned by one individual. This will leave the owner responsible for all the legal and financial liabilities of the business. Sole Proprietorships are probably the simplest and cheapest forms of business organization. They do not require registration with local, state or federal governments (other than taxes and special regulatory agencies). They are businesses which have one owner and they do not have stock. The sole proprietor owns all assets and is responsible for all debts. If the business cannot pay its bills, creditors can sue the owner to collect. The company does not conduct legal or contractual transactions, rather the owner does. Advantages of the sole proprietorship include:†¢Ease of formation no legal registrations†¢Low overhead income reported as ordinary income to the owners. Taxes tend to be straight-forward†¢Easy control and direction established by the owner no boards or advisors. †¢Suitable business form for many types of products, services and enterprises (Sole Proprietorship, 2008). Being a sole proprietor means that the owner will need watch their competition to make sure that they do not lose customers to the competitions that also sale sugar-free candy. Sole proprietor also means the owner assumes all liability risk. SocialThe candy business will work to promote a healthier environment by advertising their sugar free candies more then regular candy. But they are in the business to sale candy; this will also give their customers an opportunity to make a healthier choice when it comes to candy. The candy business will sale their candy online, to ensure the safety of their web  site orders, credit card numbers are never stored. The information is never sent to a database to retain the information. The only information that is kept is customer names, addresses, and emails so that they can follow up with customers if something goes wrong with their purchase (Van Otis Chocolates, 2005). StrategyThe proposed candy business has a very unique business strategy because of the specialized product that the business sells. The candies sold are considered to be top of the line product that is only available in certain stores, which keeps the stature of the candy high. The candy business has centered sales around the sales of their sugar free candies for those people who love candy, but need to watch their sugar intake for different health reasons. StructuresThe candy business will operate both as a brick and mortar business in a mall and an ecommerce business. This way the business will reach more customers and the candy business will try to keep consistency between their ecommerce site and their brick and mortar store. That way if customers see something on the web site but do not want to purchase on the site they can come to the store and make their purchase. The candy business will offer all the same products to help satisfy the consumers needs. GoalsOne of the number one goals of the candy business is the availability of all products offered in the store to be available on the website. This is important because their candy is the favorite to people all over the country who wish to have the entire store available to them. Another goal of the candy business is to sale Weight Watchers candy in the store. This will bring those customers that are trying to loss weight but need something sweet sometime. This will also help with the growth of the business. Even though there are other candy stores out there who also sale sugar free candy, this will help pull customers to this store and that Weight Watchers candy is available in this store that other candy store to not sale. CultureCandy in general is deemed childrens food, just as toys in general are labeled for childs play. Most likely, a person would expect an event  intended for children to be a more appropriate venue to serve candy than an event intended for adults. But surprisingly, adults lead the way in candy consumption. In fact, according to the National Confectioners Association, adults over age 18 consume 65% of all candy (Hudak, 2008). Americans did not always have a sweet tooth. When candy was first made and sold in the United States, most people considered it a frivolous luxury for women of means (Knowlton, 1999). Most dentist will tell their patients not to eat a great deal of candy, but if a person rinse, brush and floss faithfully they can keep from getting cavities just like with any other type of food. LeadershipA sole proprietor has complete control and decision-making power over the business. All responsibilities and business decisions fall on the shoulders of the sole proprietor and investors will not usually invest in sole proprietorships. A sole proprietorship can hire any number of employees. A strong leadership is needed to grow the business. Without good leadership and a management system the business could close. Management needs a measurement and improvement system that makes the orchestration of day-to-day activities possible so there is true business-needs alignment-a system that not only monitors operations, but also provides the entire workforce with information that can be used up and down the line to make sure everyones performance supports corporate strategies for any business to succeed (Breyfogle, 2007). When opening a business there are many things that need to be considered. Doing a SWOTT analysis can help a business to know where they need to focus their needs to grow their business. Having a strong management system and good leadership skill can help a business grow and be successful. References Breyfogle. F.W. (2007). Quality Management. Retrieved July 21, 2008, fromhttp://www.qualitymag.com/CDA/Articles/Feature_Article/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000105938Hudak, D. (2008). Pop Rocks: A Discussion of Childrens Culture and Candy Consumption. Retrieved July 20, 2008, from http://www.candyfavorites.com/shop/pop-rocks-history.phpKnowlton, B. (1999). American Topics: How Candy Became Dandy. Retrieved July 18, 2008,from http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/07/22/topics.2.t_5.phpVan Otis Chocolates. (2005). Social and Legal Issues. Retrieved July 20, 2008, fromhttp://it.snhu.edu/classof2006/mcgannheather/vanotis/Social_Legal.htmSole Proprietorship, (2008). Retrieved July 19, 2008, fromhttp://www.companiesinc.com/incorporate/businesstypes/soleprop.asp

Athletes as Role Models :: essays research papers

Athletes as Role Models Athlets have been lookd up to as role models for as long as sports have exsted. There is just something attractive about the thought of being in good physical condition and being talented in sports. But, are athlets the kind of people that children should be looking up to for direction and guidance? Many children often look up to the professional athletes as role models. In fact, in 1995 Sports Illustrated for Kids did a survey for kids who were ages 7 through 12 about who their role model was. The majority of the kids answered that a professional athlete was who they most looked up to. Only four percent of the children answered that their role model was one of thir parents. Because of today?s media, athletes are constantly in the public eye. Everything they do on and off of the playing field. Some professional athletes speak a positive message through their fame by demonstrating constructive ideas such as teamwork and commitment while they are on the field. Even off of the pl aying field some athletes set a good example by visiting children in schools, going to hospitals, or even setting up foundations and organizations to help the ill and less fortunate people. However, other athletes are not as considerate to the fact that someone may be looking up to them, some athletes are not concerned about anything other than the sport they are getting paid to play and themselves. These athletes are the ones that propose questions over whether athletes should be considered role models or not. A role model can be defined as a person whose behavior, example or success is or can be emulated by others, especially young people. Who would want their child looking up to someone who has been convicted of domestic violence or has a drug addiction? It is an argument of opinion that cannot be settled. The side of athletes most commonly seen is when they are on the field. Athletes can be a very positive influence while on the playing field for many reasons. Teamwork is displayed in sports such as football, baseball, soccer, and hockey. It is where all the players working together and are all striving to reach the same goal. Anybody watching a game such as hockey or baseball can clearly see that the players must work together in both offense and defense to win the game.

Resource Management Plan for the Wash Sector in Kenya

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE WASH SECTOR IN KENYA Institute: Institute OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTION Introduction The Republic of Kenya is located in East Africa at latitudes of 5 ° South and 5.5 ° North and longitudes 34 ° East and 42 ° West surrounding Somalia to the East, Ethiopia to the North, democracy of South Sudan to the North West, Uganda to the West, Tanzania to the South West and the Indian Ocean to South. [ 1 ] Harmonizing to the AEA Technology Plc. clime alteration projections for Kenya up to 2100 include:Rise in the mean one-year temperature by between 1 °C and 5 °C typically 1 °C by 2020s and 4 °C by 2100 ;Possible displacement toward a wetting agent clime in both showery seasons peculiarly in the short rains OND ( October, November, and December ) . Most projections indicate a alteration in heavy precipitation events for Kenya ;Rainfall seasonality indicate that the short and long rains seasons will stay the same ;More utmost rainfall events during the wet seasons by 2100, potentially doing more frequent and terrible inundations ;The happening of drouths likely wi th current frequence but greater badness associated by temperature additions ;Sea degree rise globally by 18 to 59 centimeter at the terminal of the century harmonizing to the IPCC 2007.All these projections have an impact on the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ( WASH ) sector particularly utmost events such as inundations and drouths where theoretical accounts indicate intensification of heavy rainfall in the wet seasons, particularly in some parts therefore increasing likeliness of inundation hazards and events. [ 2 ] There is an increased likeliness of drouths but theoretical accounts vary on this projection, some theoretical accounts project intensification of drouths while others indicate a decrease in badness of drouths. With this in head it is of import to pull off H2O sustainably to run into today’s demands and increasing future demand. Water supply crises have been identified in legion studies by experts from different Fieldss. It is estimated that over 1.7 billion people live in river basins H2O usage exceeds recharge which leads to devastation of rivers and depletion of groundwater systems. As states are developing and populations grow and urbanisation additions H2O demand is expected to increase by 55 % by 2050. [ 3 ] If this form continues two tierces of the world’s population will confront acute H2O emphasis. The state of affairs is of concern as Kenya is already rated by the United Nations as holding one of the lowest natural H2O refilling rates in the universe. Aim This brief proposal will look into Incorporate Water Resources Management as key in accommodating and extenuating against the debilitating effects of clime alteration on the WASH sector. For the WASH sector in Kenya over abstraction of fresh water for multiple utilizations, coupled with non-point beginning pollution from agribusiness and ill designed sanitation installations, or deficiency of sanitation installations is a important menace to sustainability of H2O beginnings and ecosystem services ( ESS ) provided by H2O resources. [ 4 ] The Resource Management Model for the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ( WASH ) sector will look at H2O as the cardinal resource IWRM and H2O usage efficiency. Rationale To understand the demand for usage of Integrated Water Resource Management ( IWRM ) as a resource direction scheme it is cardinal to look into Kenya’s current H2O state of affairs and clime alteration projections for Kenya as the WASH sector is reliant on H2O as a natural resource. To better understand the demand for IWRM it is cardinal to understand two cardinal facets with respects to Kenya these are: Overview of Kenya’s Water Resources Kenya is classified as a inveterate H2O scarce state. The country’s’ natural gift of fresh water is limited by an one-year renewable freshwater supply of merely 647 three-dimensional metres per capita. Harmonizing to international criterions a state is categorized as â€Å"water stressed† if it’s renewable fresh water supplies are between 1000 to 1700 three-dimensional metres per capita. [ 5 ] By comparing Kenya’s neighbours have one-year per capita renewable fresh water supplies of: Uganda 2,940 three-dimensional metres per capita per twelvemonth and Tanzania 2,696cubic metres per capita per twelvemonth. [ 6 ] Extent of Kenya’s exposure to inundations and drouths as anticipated by clime alteration projections Water exposure in Kenya arises from both a combination of limited natural H2O gift, high variableness of one-year rainfall happening, heavy economic dependance on H2O resources and unequal readiness for repeating clime dazes to the economy.6 This is farther exacerbated by failure of development of surface and groundwater resources increasing the country’s exposure. Further compounded by small stored H2O per capita therefore during drouths H2O storage countries are quickly drawn down.6 Kenya’s H2O exposure is further increased by extended debasement of H2O resources and weak H2O resource direction with the minimum Government outgo on H2O resource care and operation.6. Erosion due to heavy rainfall as a consequence of low forest screen and hapless agricultural patterns lead to siltation and loss of H2O storage capacity in dikes and pans that the state is to a great extent dependent on. Public wellness of which sanitation falls under is besides extremely vulnerable. Deluging leads to damage of drinkable H2O supplies coercing communities to obtain H2O from insecure H2O beginnings taking to exposure to H2O borne infections.Morbidity forms indicate that 60 per centum of top 10 diseases in Kenya are H2O borne or sanitation related.6 During drouths H2O supplies are restricted and monetary values are increased. To get by with these boreholes are drilled and old 1s are deepened as a response to acute H2O deficits. This state of affairs leads to coerce on already worsening H2O tabular arraies, therefore taking to increasing the cost of pumping restricting hereafter options for valuable H2O resources.6 Incorporate Water Resources Management ( IWRM ) Extenuation and version can non be achieved if there is a continuance of sabotaging sustainability of critical H2O resources base embracing sectors that are dependent upon it. Coping with clime variableness requires improved H2O resources direction as the first line of defence. [ 7 ] International energy wonts are the focal point of extenuation attacks, H2O direction and H2O usage efficiency is the way that the universe should follow with respects to version. It is apparent that clime variableness is amplified in the H2O rhythm and therefore Governments particularly the Government of Kenya should acknowledge and move on this. Policy models being formulated, physical substructure and planetary ends and marks must be adapted to run into future needs.7 The Integrated Water Resources Management ( IWRM ) theoretical account is inspired by the Dublin rules adopted during the International Conference on Water and the Environment. Harmonizing to the Global Water Partnership IWRM can be defined as â€Å"a procedure, which promotes the co-ordinated development and direction of H2O, land and related resources, in order to maximise attendant economic and societal public assistance in an just mode without compromising the sustainability of critical ecosystems.† [ 8 ] IWRM seeks to carry through three key aims which are:Efficiency to do H2O resources go every bit far as possible ;Equity in the allotment of H2O across different societal and economic groups ;Environmental sustainability, to protect the H2O resources base and associated eco-systems.A cardinal rule of IWRM is inclusion of H2O and ecosystems as portion of the direction agenda.8 IWRM provides a good footing for betterment of direction of H2O resources instead than creative a ctivity of separate models and establishments. 8 IWRM provides watershed coordination linking regional watershed direction to local activities act uponing and profiting from ecosystem services ( ESS ) . IWRM policies are sick equipped to cover with pull offing support to ESS, which extend beyond spacial and temporal graduated tables of IWRM administration. Rather, IWRM policies are suited in pull offing many commissariats including cultural considerations and ordinance of ESS.An illustration is the Waza logone flood plain in Cameroon that is a clear illustration of benefits accrued from leting deluging to take topographic point, to refill wetlands, deposits and other critical resources, being more valuable than barricading the flow of water.8 IWRM is a god attack for regulating the complex kineticss of upstream- downstream water- dependant ecosystem services as H2O is a nexus between multiple ecosystems services and users. Integration of Climate Change in WASH Sector Management Harmonizing to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) it is projected that the figure of people populating in earnestly H2O stressed river basins will duplicate between 2000 and 2050 to make 3.9 billion people. There is a turning concern on the relation between H2O and catastrophe peculiarly enhance by increasing clime variableness. Climate alteration is doing changes to the hydrologic rhythm, endangering fresh water and marine ecosystems every bit good as human H2O security in many parts of the universe particularly Kenya and Sub Saharan Africa. [ 9 ] It is cardinal for the WASH sector through the Government of Kenya through line ministries to develop national and where appropriate, trans boundary version programs of action which incorporate sustainable direction of H2O ; national and county trans boundary eventuality programs ; present clime proofing, and new substructure where needfully peculiarly concentrating on integrated inundation direction to complement IWRM and its benefits with respects to hazards posed by clime alteration and future clime projections for Kenya. It is cardinal for the Government of Kenya to look into climate sensitive policies which targeted all H2O related sectors which is cardinal in turn toing utmost events and increasing clime alteration and variableness. Climate Change exacerbate s the complexness of H2O issues, particularly through its impacts on the hydrological rhythm in countries of high H2O emphasis, every bit good as increased incidence of inundations. It is of import to observe that traditional cognition can non get by with these alterations at that place need to be an accent on new cognition systems to supply better information to all, including husbandmans, pastoralists and local communities.7 Mentions Bonnardeaux, D. ( 2012 ) Associating Biodiversity Conservation and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Experiences from sub-Saharan Africa. Conservation International and Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group. Washington, D.C. , USA. International Institute for Sustainable Development. ( 2013 ) .Summary of the High-Level Meeting of the Global Thematic Consultation on Water in the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Post-2015 Development Agenda Bulletin, Volume 28 figure 8. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iisd.ca/post2015/water/hlcw/html/crsvol208num8e.html Ministry for Planning, National Development and Vision 2030. ( 2012 ) .Kenya T21 theoretical account.Report on Strengthening Institutional Capacity for Integrated Climate Change Adaptation and Comprehensive National Development Planning in Kenya.Kenya: Office of the Prime Minister. Mogaka, H. , Gichere, S. , Davis, R. , & A ; Hirji, R. ( 2006 ) .Climate Variability and Water Resources Degradation in Kenya: Improving Water Resources Development and Management. Washington, D.C: World Bank. OECD. ( 2012 ) .Environmental Outlook to 2050. Paris: OECD. Stockholm Environment Institute. ( 2009 ) . The Economics of Climate Change in Kenya. December 2009. Project Report. Nairobi: Embassy of Denmark. UNEP. ( 2012 ) .Let go ofing the Pressure: Water Resource Efficiencies and Gains for Ecosystem Services. Capital of kenya: UNEP. United Nations Environment Programme. ( 2012 ) .GEO5 Global Environment Outlook: Environment for the Future We Want. Malta: Progress Press. World Bank. ( 2000 ) .World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty. Washington, D.C: World Bank

Managing Change: Important for Business Organizations

â€Å"The ability to managing change Is an important factor for today's business organization to remain competitive and relevant† Critically analyze and discuss the above statement and in particular discussed the type of changes that an organization is subjected to and the effect of these changes to the organization.In addition, your discussion should include strategies in managing these changes Assessment Requirements Individual Type-written Report Maximum word length allowed is 3000 words The required content of the document produced Is required to be within specific axiom work lengths (In brackets) and to cover the specific areas as follows:- 1. A table of contents 2. A list of figures and/ or list of tables where appropriate 3. Executive Summary-( 10 marks -300 words) 4. Introduction -( 10 marks -300 words) 5.Literature Review-& Critical Analysis (60 marks -2100 words) 6. Conclusions- -( 10 7. References Presentation – 10 marks 8. Bibliography 9. Appendices if appro priate This assignment Is worth 50% of the final assessment of the module. Student is required to submit a type-written document in Microsoft Word format with Times New Roman font type, size 12 and line spacing of 1. 5. The Harvard Style of Referencing system is COMPULSORY. Necessary citations and references adopting the Harvard Referencing System.Students who have been found to have committed acts of Plagiarism are automatically considered to have failed the entire semester. If found to have breached the regulation for the second time, you will be asked to leave the course. Plagiarism involves taking someone else's words, thoughts, ideas or essays from online essay banks and trying to pass them off as your own. It is a form of cheating which is taken very seriously. Take care of your work and keep it safe. Don't leave it lying around where your classmates can find it.Malaysian Qualifications Agency Learning Outcomes Module Learning Outcome After completing the module, the student s hould be able to: Advance a multidimensional understanding of the drivers of globalization Critically evaluate a range of normative questions in relation to the effects of globalization on the economy and organization Have insights into contingency factors of technological advancement and environmental uncertainty which influence the decision to globalize Notes on Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Plagiarism Plagiarism is passing off the work of others as your own.This constitutes academic theft and is a serious matter which is penalized in assignment marking. Plagiarism is the submission of an item of assessment containing elements of work produced by another person(s) in such a way that it could be assumed to be the student's own work.Examples of plagiarism are: the verbatim copying of another person's work thou acknowledgement the close paraphrasing of another person's work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation without acknowledgement the unacknowled ged quotation of phrases from another person's close paraphrasing with occasional acknowledgement of the source may also be deemed to be plagiarism if the absence of quotation marks implies that the phraseology is the student's own.Plagiarisms work may belong to another student or be from a published source such as a book, report, Journal or material available on the internet. Harvard Referencing The structure of a citation under the Harvard referencing system is the author's surname, year of publication, and page number or range, in parentheses, as illustrated in the Smith example near the top of this article. The page number or page range is omitted if the entire work is cited. The author's surname is omitted if it appears in the text. Thus we may say: â€Å"Jones (2001) revolutionized the field of trauma surgery. Two or three authors are cited using â€Å"and† or â€Å"&†: (Deane, Smith, and Jones, 1991) or (Deane, Smith ; Jones, 1991). More than three authors are cited using et al. (Deane et al. 1992). An unknown date is cited as no date (Deane n. D. ). A reference to a reprint is cited with the original publication date in square brackets (Marx [1867] 1967, p. 90). If an author published two books in 2005, the year of the first (in the alphabetic order of the references) is cited and referenced as AAA, the second as Bibb. A citation is placed wherever appropriate in or after the sentence.If it is at the end of a sentence, it is placed before the period, but a citation for an entire block quote immediately follows the period at the end of the block since the citation is not an actual part of the quotation itself. Complete citations are provided in alphabetical order in a section following the text, usually designated as â€Å"Works cited† or â€Å"References. † The difference between a â€Å"works cited† or â€Å"references† list and a bibliography is that a bibliography may include works not directly cited in the text. All citations are in the same font as the main text. Examples Examples of book references are: Smith, J. (AAA).Dutch Citing Practices. The Hogue: Holland Research Foundation. Smith, J. (Bibb). Harvard Referencing. London: Jolly Good Publishing. In giving the city of publication, an internationally well-known city (such as London, The Hogue, or New York) is referenced as the city alone. If the city is not internationally well known, the country (or state and country if in the U. S. ) are given. An example of a Journal reference: Smith, John Maynard. â€Å"The origin of altruism,† Nature 393, 1998, up. 639-40. An example of a newspaper reference: Boycott, Owen. â€Å"Street Protest†, The Guardian, October 18, 2005, accessed February 7, 2006.